Thes Benevolent Association, The Knights Of Labor And The...

The Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, The Knights of Labor and the Farmers Alliance are a few of the leading labor organizations in Texas. Developed as the political and human resource representation for many of Texas’ post civil war laborers, these organizations invested considerable time and funding in advocating for the concerns of the working class. Established socialist communities were natural supporters for unionization based on their beliefs in cooperation for the greater good. Within a transformative decade for Texas workers, the Knights of Labor reached the pinnacle of its influence, failed a railroad strike in 1886 and eventually transformed into an agrarian and mechanics’ organization. (AM and Reid 2009) The growing influence of the Knights of Labor improved the standing of socialists by extension. In reality, the union was not socialist organization by definition. However, Texas socialists support and political gamesmanship contributed heavily to the growth and development of the Knights of Labor. (Texas AM University Press 2010) Advocacy for Texas laborers and support for the civil rights movement became the focus of proponents of socialist political policies. Labor strikes and litigation against Texas based businesses routinely failed, illustrating the economic entrenchment of corporations and their accompanying judicial and legislative alliances. As the political clout of the Knights of Labor waned, the weight of political influence regarding

Essay about Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) - 1429 Words

Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD): Have you ever been sitting day dreaming, or got lost in a book or work? After you finish the book or your work, you come back to earth and remember what occurred while you were day dreaming or lost in that book or work. With a person that has MPD, it is not that easily done with most. Most individuals that have MPD do not remember anything that had occurred within hours or minutes of the event. Some think MPD is a hoax created by movies such as â€Å"Three faces of Eve† or â€Å"Sybil†, but is that a fact. MPD is mental health disorders were someone has an altered personality. MPD has been called many different things from split personality to what is it referred to in this century as Dissociative Identity†¦show more content†¦said that her therapist showed her and her alter selves how to live with one another by showing them how to function and schedule their time. (G.L) MPD became know more after the movie Sybil became very popular. It is a true story about a woman named Shirley Ardell Mason whose mother physical and sexual abused her, while her father did nothing to stop the abuse. From the abuse that Sybil mother forced upon her, Sybil gained sixteen different personalities (Dryden-Edwards) to deal with the abuse. When a person has (MPD), the altered self controls the behavior of the individual. When the abuse they have suffered from has encountered them again or something triggers a memory from their past abuse, one of the altered personalities takes control of their body . After the abuse or memory comes in contact, it only takes a second for the altered self to take control of the body. The altered self will take control of the body and take the physical, mental, and emotional abuse that the individual is suffering from. The altered often remembers the abuse their self or they just will forget about the abuse. An individual can create as many as one hundred personalities to cope with their abuse. In psychiatric hospitals, MPD occurs in females more often than males. (Dryden-Edwards) MPD sometimes take a while to diagnose. When an individual feels like it is time to seek help about their problem a doctor will then proceed with a mental health evaluation. TheShow MoreRelatedMultiple Personality Disorder ( Mpd )1498 Words   |  6 Pagesarchives of psychiatry, Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is now known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a very auspicious topic (Dorahy, Brand, Sar, Kruger, Stavropoulos, Martines Middleton, 2014). DID can be defined by a single individual carrying around two or more alternate personalities (that is alters) (Boysen VanBergen, 2013). The criteria for DID is amicable by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)Read More Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Introduction: Multiple personalities is a dissociative condition in which an individual’s personality is apparently split into two or more distinct sub-personalities, each of which may become dominant at different times. People with multiple personality disorder suffer from internal chaos, roller-coaster emotions and terrible memories. They also present confusing confusing and contradictory images to their family and friends. But in spite of all this, MPDRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay example756 Words   |  4 Pages Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), which is now called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), is a Dissociative Disorder. This disorder is when a person has two or more distinct personalities that often control the person’s behavior. This disorder has many controversies because of the fact that it is not scientifically proven. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One personality is usually restrainedRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesMultiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a mental disease that exists in about one percent of the population. Much research supports the existence of this disease and its origins, causes and effects on the people in who suffer with it. This essay will clearly define Multiple Personality Disorder along with a detailed synopsis of the disease itself. The diagnosis, alter personalities, different treatments and views will indicate the disease is real. The AmericanRead MoreMultiple Personalities Disorder Analysis1037 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Personality Disorders (MPD), or what has been re-classified, Dissociative Idenitfy Disorder (DID), is a deliberating and frightening illness for the DID individual; as well as their friends and family. The meaning of DID (Dissoiative Idenity Disorder) usually means that a person has more than two self-states or identities, which often times appear like entirely different personalities. When one is under the control of one identity, the person usually is unable to remember some of the eventsRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder1415 Words   |  6 Pageswe do still come back to reality. However, some people are diagnosed with a dissociative identity disorder or the popular multiple personality disorder (MPD). This differ from mild dissociation that all of us commonly experience. People who have this live a fairly complicated life. Sadly, people who have this experience traumatic physical, sexual or emotional abuse during their childhood. MPD is a severed form of dissociation from reality in which it reflects a person’s extreme lack of connectivityRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder1423 Words   |  6 Pageswe do still come back to reality. However, some people are diagnosed with a dissociative identity disorder or the popular multiple personality disorder (MPD). This differ from mild dissociation that all of us commonly experience. People who have this live a fairly complicated life. Sadly, people who have this experience traumatic physical, sexual or emotional abuse during their childhood. MPD is a severed form of dissociation from reality in which it reflects a person’s extreme lack of connectivityRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Mpd )921 Words   |  4 PagesWhen most people think of mental disorders, many tend to think of depression, bipolar disorder, or even Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The one thing these three disorders have in common is they all can be associated with a disorder called Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD). A person with MPD â€Å"behaves as if under the control of distinct and separate parts of the personality at different times† (Bull). As research has advanced on the studying of MPD, researchers have deemed the official diagnosticRead MoreThe Theory Of Multiple Personality Disorder1486 Words   |  6 Pageslocation, name, age, or their entire identity (Residential). This could be multiple personality disorder- or MPD for short. Multiple personality disorder was first thought to be nonexistent, or extremely rar e, but now after thousands of diagnoses (Carter), multiple personality seems to be in the in the spotlight of psychological disorders. Though multiple personality disorder only became a legitimate psychiatric disorder in 1980, there had been cases reported before then. Various individuals believeRead MoreThe Three Faces Of Eve Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to inform its reader about Multiple Personality Disorder and whether it is fact or fiction. This paper was intended to be contrived after watching the film â€Å"The Three Faces of Eve†, directed by Nunnally Johnson in 1957. The star of the film, Joanne Woodard, portrays the title character Eve White, who acts through the separate personalities of Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane. Despite the doctors in the film being able to explain Multiple Personality Disorder, the question still arises today as

Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive Free Essays

So far I’ve cleaned the bathroom, the oven, the refrigerator and vacuumed – twice. It’s after nine and Emily still hasn’t shown up. I’m starting to think that her things are simply a mirage, or maybe she just didn’t want to carry a lot of junk with her. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maybe she’s staying with one of her school friends, and she didn’t need her hygiene stuff. Maybe my earlier thought about what she would need to do for money wasn’t that far off the mark. Maybe she’s out doing something dangerous, or worse yet, something has already happened to her. There’s no one but me to know she’s missing. How long do I have to wait before I turn her in as a missing person? I know she has to be missing for at least twenty-four hours, but maybe she’s already been gone for a couple days. Oh, God – what if she’s hurt and lying somewhere. Maybe she only has minutes left and I can’t get to her in time†¦ â€Å"Ow!† I hit my head on the bottom shelf of the linen closet, cleaning the dried and caked shampoo from the floor when the sound of the door closing startles me. â€Å"Emily?† I hope it’s her. If it’s not, I’m going to call the cops and lie and tell them she’s been missing for days. I hear the slapping of tennis shoes against the linoleum, then a thud on the carpet. I turn and look down the hall to see a brown-haired beauty face down on the floor. â€Å"Emily? Are you okay?† I almost – almost – laugh when she looks up at me with her hair tangled in her face. â€Å"Ethan, it’s you! It’s really you!† She scrambles the rest of the way to me on her knees, spitting her hair out of her mouth and hugging me tighter than I can ever remember. Her smile is brighter than a sunny day at the equator. We settle on the couch, still holding on to each other. I can’t seem to let go. I never want to let go. â€Å"Where have you been?† There doesn’t seem to be any anger in her tone. How could she NOT be angry with me? I’m ashamed at my answer. â€Å"I drove. I didn’t really go anywhere. I was just running away, Emily.† I hang my head, embarrassed that I don’t even have a good reason for leaving her. â€Å"I know it won’t make any difference now because you probably hate me, but I love you too, Emily. I have since†¦forever, and I’m sorry I waited so long to tell you. I should have said it to you a week ago instead of running away like the coward I am. But, I can’t hold back any longer without you knowing how I feel about you. I’ve never been in love before, but I’m pretty sure this is what it feels like. I can’t think about anything else but you – how you laugh, the way you comb your hair, the way you smell right after the shower†¦ God!† Something stops my rambling, something soft, warm and moist. Emily’s lips are on mine and her arms are wrapped around my neck. She’s kissing me, and I don’t ever want her to stop. Her mouth on mine is awesome! And I think about other things I want her to do with her mouth. While there are a hundred synonyms for how kissing Emily feels, the only thing in my head the at the moment is â€Å"woo-hoo†. If I really think about what is actually happening, I’ll make her stop. This is wrong – not the kissing part, but the part where she’s willing to forgive all my sins and just take me back without a second thought. Now that I’m thinking about it†¦ Damn it! Now I’m mad. I pull away while her lips linger. â€Å"Emily,† I sigh, not really knowing where to start. â€Å"We have to talk about this,† I motion between us. She nods begrudgingly. It’s written all over her face; she thinks I’m going to reject her again. â€Å"Look,† I pull her chin up so her eyes meet mine, â€Å"nothing will change my feelings for you. They haven’t changed in the last few years, and they won’t change in the next few, either. What I have to know, though, is how you are feeling.† She starts shaking her head, telling me not to worry, but that’s precisely the problem. She should be angry with me. â€Å"Emily, you should be upset with me. Yell, scream, hit – anything to let me know how you feel!† I’m almost shouting near the end of my declaration. I pull back and get myself in check before I completely lose it. â€Å"Relieved.† â€Å"What?† It’s a stupid question because I heard perfectly well what she said. It’s a stall tactic on my part. â€Å"I’m relieved, Ethan.† â€Å"Why aren’t you-â€Å" â€Å"Do you know how many people there have been in my life who I cared about or who cared about me?† I’m pretty sure I know the answer. I’m hoping it’s two, but know for sure it’s one – her mother – but I’m always careful not to bring up LouAnne. I just squeeze her hand, which I’m still holding onto like the piece of wood Leonardo DiCaprio was holding onto after his exit from the Titanic. â€Å"Two, Ethan. Two.† Now I’m relieved. â€Å"And one of them can’t ever come back, but you did. You came back and I don’t care where you went or what you did. You are here now, safe.† The tremble in her voice as she says, â€Å"what you did,† tells me she’s a little scared of what – or who – I might have done, so I hope I’m about to put her fears to rest. â€Å"I just drove and slept in my car. I ate a few times, but honestly, Emily, the only thing I did was think about you and how much you mean to me. I was an asshole for leaving you. I didn’t take your safety or well-being into account and for that, I’m sorry. You should be upset with me.† â€Å"I was scared, Ethan. At first, I thought maybe you were just blowing off some steam, off figuring out a way to tell me to leave, but when you didn’t come home that first night or the next morning, I started to get worried. Then Margie came by and said you hadn’t shown up for work.† So, this is how Margie knows about Emily. â€Å"I wasn’t really sure how much she knew, but I could tell she was surprised to find me here. She was so nice though. I told her how highly you speak of her and how much we appreciated the deal she and her husband gave on the car. Then I lost myself for a little bit and told her about you surprising me and taking me to graduation.† Emily pauses and smiles, then looks down as if she’s a little embarrassed. â€Å"It was nice to have a woman to talk to again. It reminded me a little of my mom.† Emily continues to tell me about Margie coming to the house. She said she cried for a little bit because she didn’t know what to do, that she’d been relying on me for so long. She didn’t know what she would do if I didn’t come home. She also tells me how Margie asked her about a job and what she liked to do. It seems they went to the public library and Emily applied for a position. She can work there part-time and still go to school. Apparently, she works until closing and that’s why she came home so late. Margie also got her a bus pass and rode with her the first time to make sure it was safe. There isn’t a bouquet of flowers big enough for Margie right now. How to cite Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive, Essay examples

Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive Free Essays

So far I’ve cleaned the bathroom, the oven, the refrigerator and vacuumed – twice. It’s after nine and Emily still hasn’t shown up. I’m starting to think that her things are simply a mirage, or maybe she just didn’t want to carry a lot of junk with her. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maybe she’s staying with one of her school friends, and she didn’t need her hygiene stuff. Maybe my earlier thought about what she would need to do for money wasn’t that far off the mark. Maybe she’s out doing something dangerous, or worse yet, something has already happened to her. There’s no one but me to know she’s missing. How long do I have to wait before I turn her in as a missing person? I know she has to be missing for at least twenty-four hours, but maybe she’s already been gone for a couple days. Oh, God – what if she’s hurt and lying somewhere. Maybe she only has minutes left and I can’t get to her in time†¦ â€Å"Ow!† I hit my head on the bottom shelf of the linen closet, cleaning the dried and caked shampoo from the floor when the sound of the door closing startles me. â€Å"Emily?† I hope it’s her. If it’s not, I’m going to call the cops and lie and tell them she’s been missing for days. I hear the slapping of tennis shoes against the linoleum, then a thud on the carpet. I turn and look down the hall to see a brown-haired beauty face down on the floor. â€Å"Emily? Are you okay?† I almost – almost – laugh when she looks up at me with her hair tangled in her face. â€Å"Ethan, it’s you! It’s really you!† She scrambles the rest of the way to me on her knees, spitting her hair out of her mouth and hugging me tighter than I can ever remember. Her smile is brighter than a sunny day at the equator. We settle on the couch, still holding on to each other. I can’t seem to let go. I never want to let go. â€Å"Where have you been?† There doesn’t seem to be any anger in her tone. How could she NOT be angry with me? I’m ashamed at my answer. â€Å"I drove. I didn’t really go anywhere. I was just running away, Emily.† I hang my head, embarrassed that I don’t even have a good reason for leaving her. â€Å"I know it won’t make any difference now because you probably hate me, but I love you too, Emily. I have since†¦forever, and I’m sorry I waited so long to tell you. I should have said it to you a week ago instead of running away like the coward I am. But, I can’t hold back any longer without you knowing how I feel about you. I’ve never been in love before, but I’m pretty sure this is what it feels like. I can’t think about anything else but you – how you laugh, the way you comb your hair, the way you smell right after the shower†¦ God!† Something stops my rambling, something soft, warm and moist. Emily’s lips are on mine and her arms are wrapped around my neck. She’s kissing me, and I don’t ever want her to stop. Her mouth on mine is awesome! And I think about other things I want her to do with her mouth. While there are a hundred synonyms for how kissing Emily feels, the only thing in my head the at the moment is â€Å"woo-hoo†. If I really think about what is actually happening, I’ll make her stop. This is wrong – not the kissing part, but the part where she’s willing to forgive all my sins and just take me back without a second thought. Now that I’m thinking about it†¦ Damn it! Now I’m mad. I pull away while her lips linger. â€Å"Emily,† I sigh, not really knowing where to start. â€Å"We have to talk about this,† I motion between us. She nods begrudgingly. It’s written all over her face; she thinks I’m going to reject her again. â€Å"Look,† I pull her chin up so her eyes meet mine, â€Å"nothing will change my feelings for you. They haven’t changed in the last few years, and they won’t change in the next few, either. What I have to know, though, is how you are feeling.† She starts shaking her head, telling me not to worry, but that’s precisely the problem. She should be angry with me. â€Å"Emily, you should be upset with me. Yell, scream, hit – anything to let me know how you feel!† I’m almost shouting near the end of my declaration. I pull back and get myself in check before I completely lose it. â€Å"Relieved.† â€Å"What?† It’s a stupid question because I heard perfectly well what she said. It’s a stall tactic on my part. â€Å"I’m relieved, Ethan.† â€Å"Why aren’t you-â€Å" â€Å"Do you know how many people there have been in my life who I cared about or who cared about me?† I’m pretty sure I know the answer. I’m hoping it’s two, but know for sure it’s one – her mother – but I’m always careful not to bring up LouAnne. I just squeeze her hand, which I’m still holding onto like the piece of wood Leonardo DiCaprio was holding onto after his exit from the Titanic. â€Å"Two, Ethan. Two.† Now I’m relieved. â€Å"And one of them can’t ever come back, but you did. You came back and I don’t care where you went or what you did. You are here now, safe.† The tremble in her voice as she says, â€Å"what you did,† tells me she’s a little scared of what – or who – I might have done, so I hope I’m about to put her fears to rest. â€Å"I just drove and slept in my car. I ate a few times, but honestly, Emily, the only thing I did was think about you and how much you mean to me. I was an asshole for leaving you. I didn’t take your safety or well-being into account and for that, I’m sorry. You should be upset with me.† â€Å"I was scared, Ethan. At first, I thought maybe you were just blowing off some steam, off figuring out a way to tell me to leave, but when you didn’t come home that first night or the next morning, I started to get worried. Then Margie came by and said you hadn’t shown up for work.† So, this is how Margie knows about Emily. â€Å"I wasn’t really sure how much she knew, but I could tell she was surprised to find me here. She was so nice though. I told her how highly you speak of her and how much we appreciated the deal she and her husband gave on the car. Then I lost myself for a little bit and told her about you surprising me and taking me to graduation.† Emily pauses and smiles, then looks down as if she’s a little embarrassed. â€Å"It was nice to have a woman to talk to again. It reminded me a little of my mom.† Emily continues to tell me about Margie coming to the house. She said she cried for a little bit because she didn’t know what to do, that she’d been relying on me for so long. She didn’t know what she would do if I didn’t come home. She also tells me how Margie asked her about a job and what she liked to do. It seems they went to the public library and Emily applied for a position. She can work there part-time and still go to school. Apparently, she works until closing and that’s why she came home so late. Margie also got her a bus pass and rode with her the first time to make sure it was safe. There isn’t a bouquet of flowers big enough for Margie right now. How to cite Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive, Essay examples

The Clear and Concise Discussion Advanced Financial Accounting

Question: What are the key Characterristics of an Intangible Assetss ? Answer: Introducation One of the major accounting packages of InternationalFinancial Accounting Standards is the introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset. It can be seen that the adoption of AASB138 Intangible asset has changed the way for the Australian companies to account and report of the intangible assets of the organization. The introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset has included some major flaws in the process of accounting; and due to this reason, the business organizations failed to provide the correct financial information to the users of the financial statements (ro.uow.edu.au 2017). The Australian constituents resisted to adopt the policy of AASB138 Intangible asset; but still the standards became effective from 1st January 2005. Most of the accountants all over the world have considered the fact that the introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset will have a major negative impact on the accounting process of the Australian companies. The new standard of AASB138 Intangible asset defines the in tangible assets as an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance. In addition, the standards of AASB138 Intangible asset have also said that the intangible assets must be distinguishable from the goodwill of the organization (Chalmers et al. 2012). One of the major disadvantages of the introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset is that this procedure has prohibited the recognition of the intellectually generated brands publishing titles, list of customers, mastheads and others. As per the new rules and regulations of AASB138 Intangible asset, all the intangible assets of the organizations must be value based on cost (Halim and Jaafar 2012). The prior standard before the introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset allowed the companies of Australia to value their different intangible assets based on fair value method. With the help of the fair vale method, the companies would be able to obtain the proper value of the intangible assets. However, with the adoption of cost method has restricted the companies to obtain the exact value of their intangible assets. Later on, AASB138 Intangible asset has allowed the companies to do revaluation of their intangible assets based on fair value method. At this point of time, it is not possible to exactly gauge the amount of impact on the Australian companies; however, as per the suggestions of the Australian media companies, the impact of AASB138 Intangible asset is going to be significant. On a broader sense, the introduction of AASB138 Intangible asset has clearly shown the inability of Australian Regulators to make their voice heard in the stage of International standard setters (Steenkamp et al. 2016). References Chalmers, K., Clinch, G., Godfrey, J.M. and Wei, Z., 2012. Intangible assets, IFRS and analysts earnings forecasts.Accounting Finance,52(3), pp.691-721. Halim, H.A. and Jaafar, H., 2012. Intangibles Disclosure and Capital-Raising in Australia: An Analysis of Information Intensity.Journal of Accounting and Finance, Asian Academy of Management. ro.uow.edu.au. (2017).AASB138 intangible assets - the bad apple in the IFRS barrel. [online] Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2461context=commpapers [Accessed 25 Apr. 2017]. Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, S. and Steenkamp, S., 2016. AASB 138: catalyst for managerial decisions reducing RD spending?.Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting,14(1), pp.116-130.

Baburen, Dirck van free essay sample

Baburen, Dirck new wave ( b. c. 1595, Utrecht ; d. 1624, Utrecht ) . Dutch painter of spiritual plants, history pieces and genre scenes, a prima member of the Utrecht school. After analyzing picture in Utrecht with Paulus Moreelse, a portrait painter and history painter, he traveled ( c. 1612 ) to Rome, where his manner became strongly influenced by the work of the Italian painter Caravaggio, whose dramatic contrasts between light and dark he found peculiarly intriguing. His most of import Italian committee was the ornament of a chapel in the Church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome ( 1615-20 ) , which included his Burial ( 1617 ) . He carried out this committee together with his friend and co-worker David de Haen. In 1620 Baburen returned to Utrecht, where he shared a studio with Hendrick Ter Brugghen in approximately 1622-23. Although he died in 1624, he played a prima function, with Honthorst and Ter Brugghen, in set uping Utrecht as a fastness of the Caravaggesque manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Baburen, Dirck van or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Utrecht creative persons adopted Caravaggio s chiaroscuro and pragmatism. As Caravaggio, who frequently painted ordinary laborers, they chose theoretical accounts with weather-beaten faces and frequently portrayed them larger than life and dramatically lit from one side. The influence of Caravaggio may be seen in his Jesus Crowned with Thorns ( two versions, at the Franciscan House, Weert, Netherlands, and at Drury-Lowe Collection, Locko Park, England ) , based on a lost picture by the maestro. Baburen was particularly affectionate of genre scenes ( topics from mundane life ) , such as his best-known work, The Procuress ( 1622 ; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ) . This image is seen in the background of two pictures by Vermeer, whose mother-in-law seemingly owned it. A certain saltiness in construct, irregular compositional beat, and less atmospheric quality distinguish Baburen s art from that of his greater coevalss, but his mode of picture can be said to be wide and forceful. The metropolis of Utrecht was the centre of Catholic life in the otherwise Protestant Dutch democracy, and Baburen was one of a group of Utrecht painters who, unlike most of their Dutch coevalss, had studied in Catholic Rome. Influenced by the Italian maestro Caravaggio, these creative persons specialized in painting big, half-length figures, brought near to the image surface and solidly modeled in strongly contrasting visible radiation and shadow. In this spirited image of materialistic love, an amative client deals with a procuress ( one who solicits clients for a cocotte ) for the favours of a juicy immature adult female. The figures colourful costumes suggest street entertainers or characters in a drama. A luting, symbol of love, occupies the centre of the composing and the gestures of the custodies that surround it state the picture s narrative. Though he painted chiefly spiritual topics, Baburen besides created scenes of ordinary life on juncture. His Procuress of 1622 was sufficiently admired fifty old ages subsequently that the great Dutch maestro, Vermeer, included it in the background of several of his images. Chiaroscuro Clair-obscur ( French ) and chiaroscuro ( Italian ) both average light-dark . The two footings are used to denote crisp contrasts of visible radiation and dark in pictures, drawings and prints. Although the consequence was already in usage before, the term came into trend in the late sixteenth century. The word originates in Italy. The painter Caravaggio ( 1573-1610 ) made chiaroscuro his hallmark. He was a maestro at painting dark scenes illuminated by a individual beam of visible radiation.

Desert Precipitation, Plant, and Animal Life

Desert Precipitation, Plant, and Animal Life Deserts, also known as arid lands, are regions that receive less than 10 inches of precipitation a year and have little vegetation. Deserts occupy about one-fifth of the land on Earth and appear on every continent. Little Precipitation The little precipitation and rain that falls in deserts is usually erratic and varies from year to year. While a desert might have an annual average of five inches of precipitation, that precipitation may come in the form of three inches one year, none the next, 15 inches the third, and two inches the fourth. Thus, in arid environments, the annual average tells little about actual rainfall. What does matter is that deserts receive less precipitation than their potential evapotranspiration (evaporation from the soil and plants plus transpiration from plants equals evapotranspiration, abbreviated as ET). This means that deserts do not receive enough precipitation to overcome the amount evaporated, so no pools of water can form. benedek / Getty Images Plant and Animal Life With little rainfall, few plants grow in desert locations. When plants do grow, they are usually spaced far apart and are quite sparse. Without vegetation, deserts are highly prone to erosion since there are no plants to hold down the soil. Despite the lack of water, a number of animals call deserts home. These animals have adapted to not only survive, but to flourish, in harsh desert environments. Lizards, tortoises, rattlesnakes, roadrunners, vultures, and, of course, camels all live in deserts. Flooding in a Desert It doesnt rain often in a desert, but when it does, the rain is often intense. Since the ground is often impermeable (meaning that water isnt absorbed into the ground easily), the water runs quickly right into streams that only exist during rainfalls. The swift water of these ephemeral streams are responsible for most of the erosion that takes place in the desert. Desert rain often never makes it to the ocean, the streams usually end in lakes that dry up or the streams themselves just dry up. For instance, almost all of the rain that falls in Nevada never makes it to a perennial river or to the ocean. Permanent streams in the desert are usually the result of exotic water, meaning that the water in the streams comes from outside of the desert. For example, the Nile River flows through a desert but the rivers source in high in the mountains of Central Africa. Where Is the Worlds Largest Desert? The worlds largest desert is actually the very cold continent of Antarctica. It is the worlds driest place, receiving less than two inches of precipitation annually. Antarctica is 5.5 million square miles (14,245,000 square kilometers) in area. Outside of polar regions, Northern Africas Sahara Desert is the worlds largest desert at more than 3.5 million square miles (nine million square kilometers), which is slightly smaller than the size of the United States, the worlds fourth largest country. The Sahara stretches from Mauritania to Egypt and Sudan. What Is the Worlds Hottest Temperature? The worlds highest temperature was recorded in the Sahara Desert (136 degrees F or 58 degrees C at Azizia, Libya on September 13, 1922). Why Is a Desert so Cold at Night? The very dry air of the desert holds little moisture and thus holds little heat; thus, as soon as the sun sets, the desert cools considerably. Clear, cloudless skies also help to quickly release heat at night. Most deserts have very low temperatures at night. Desertification In the 1970s, the Sahel strip that stretches along the southern fringe of the Sahara Desert in Africa experienced a devastating drought, causing land that was formerly used for grazing to turn to desert in a process known as desertification. Approximately one-quarter of the land on Earth is threatened by desertification. The United Nations held a conference to begin discussing desertification in 1977. These discussions eventually resulted in the establishment of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, an international treaty established in 1996 to combat desertification.

Assess competing theories of the causes of financial crisis against Essay - 1

Assess competing theories of the causes of financial crisis against evidence from one of the countries impacted by the Asian financial crisis - Essay Example One of the theories established by Corsetti et al (1999) attribute the contagion effect in the Asian economies implying that the economies geographically located adjacent to each other normally follow the other countries in the region for the rise and fall in their economies. Alon and Kellerman (1999) substantiate this theory in that they state that the crisis was a reminiscent of the ‘Domino Theory’ of 1960’s. There are other view points attributing different reasons for the financial crisis in Asian economies. This paper analyzes the competing theories that examine the causes of the Asian financial crisis in the light of several theoretical models established by research studies on the crisis and its causes. Before discussing the causes and effects of the Asian financial crisis, it is important to study the background for the evolution of the financial crisis in the Asian economies. The default of a large amount of debts by Hanob Steel Corporation of South Korea started off the financial crisis in the region. This default by the steel major was followed by many business failures in the country. (Amitava Chatterji 2003) Following this there was an uneasy feeling for the speculators about the economic and political developments in the region. Hence in May 1997 they initiated heavy capital outflows from Thailand putting the baht – the currency of Thailand under pressure. Though there were assurances from the Thai government that there would be no devaluation of baht, Bank of Thailand in July 1997 announced the free float of baht which virtually devalued the currency by 20 percent. (Amitava Chatterji 2003) This had triggered the suspicion in the minds of the investors on the Asian regional capital and currency markets and the investor confidence suffered a marked deterioration. Following the act of Thailand, countries like Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore allowed free float of their respective currencies and the values of all

The Portrayal of AIDS in Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Portrayal of AIDS in Mexico - Research Paper Example Portraying the message in the correct manner will make a difference in the promotion of protection and safety of AIDS while providing a stronger basis for the communication and messages received by the public. Before developing an advertising campaign for AIDS in Mexico, there needs to be an understanding of the target market. The perceptions about AIDS and the affiliations that are a part of the cultural and social concepts of the area will make a difference in the ability to respond effectively to the current trends in AIDS. More importantly, the understanding of the cultural and social aspects will create a response from society in a positive manner. The more that the message can communicate about the importance of understanding the disease, without a sense of offense or other complications, the more successful it can become in creating prevention and safety measures within Mexico. The beginning of the AIDs epidemic was focused on the individual relationships and practices that were a part of society. Specifically, there was a strong association with the way that individuals carried out specific relationships and the different concepts related to sexual practices. However, it was later found that there are also relationships to cultural and social attitudes toward AIDs and the practices that are a part of society. More importantly, the amount of information and the presentation of knowledge through the media make a difference in understanding of HIV, as well as the transmission of the disease. Different cultures will respond to the information differently and will have a different perception of the disease. The main attitudes that are a part of the Mexican culture are important to examine, specifically because the information that is presented will make a difference in how it is perceived by the public, as  well as what the responses will be in society as a response for prevention and safety measures (Parker, 2001).

Innovation at apple Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation at apple - Coursework Example Evidences suggest that many companies have achieved a strong global presence within a short period of time over the last two decades on the strength of their technology and innovation management. The explosive growth of Apple Inc over the last decade is a good example of how a company can create an insanely loyal customer base and dominate the market. This paper will discuss the current significance of innovation and technology management using normative literature and critically analyse the case study to identify contemporary issues in international technology management and hence to justify the arguments. Innovation and technology management Today, companies give specific focus to innovation and technology in order to enhance fast business growth and to master the intense competitive practices brought about by the globalisation forces. In developed countries, innovation is considered as a key tool to address the challenges raised by the low cost producers from emerging economies. A number of the economic reforms introduced over the last few decades have led to the development of new economic powerhouses like India and China, which maintain strong scientific capabilities. In addition, the emergence of globalisation eliminated cross border trade barriers and enhanced the cross border movement of capital, labour, cultures, and ideas. Even though globalisation promotes international trade, products manufactured internationally need to comply with particular needs of targeted markets. Hence, when a multinational corporation markets its products in technologically developed countries like US, UK, or China, it must be able to meet higher level expectation of consumers. Therefore, many of the today’s organisations have established special departments to foster innovation and technological advancements. Innovation management is a recently developed branch of management that particularly deals with execution of various processes in innovation. Generally innovati on can be of two types; product and organisational innovation. Innovation management addresses a set of tools that assist business managers to work together with a common understanding of different objectives and processes. Management experts claim that innovation management greatly benefits an organisation to timely and effectively respond to external or internal growth opportunities and to use its resources to develop new ideas, products, or processes (Rossini 1978, p.45). It must be noted that the scope of innovation management is not limited to research and development activities. In contrast, it encourages frontline workers to top executives to contribute their creativity to the firms’ growth, especially in the areas of manufacturing and marketing. By practicing effective innovation management tools, management can foster employee creativity and gather combined employee efforts towards the sustainable development of the firm (Clark 1980, pp.23-24). Technology management is another set of management disciplines that defines a clear way for organisations to deal with their technological landscape successfully and hence to obtain a competitive edge over their market rivals. The common concepts employed in the technology management are ‘technology strategy, technology forecasting, technology roadmapping, technology project portfolio, and technology portfolio’

Social Networking our Young Generation Essay

Social Networking our Young Generation Essay Social networking sites are web-based services, with a large online community. Websites like Facebook, MySpace or Twitter provide social networking services which bring people together all over the world by allowing them to get to know each other in an online environment. This interaction is likely to include families, friendship and romantic and group relation. With the help of networking, it can help people make friends and to search to find some personal relationship and families can stay in touch more easily. Nowadays, huge number of people connects to networking sites and it also increases the number of relationship. The websites combine many internet features into one: personal profile, blogs, places for photos and videos, the latest news about music groups, user groups, and more. People use social networking sites to developing business contacts and maintaining contact with them. Websites like LinkedIn can be convenient place for professionals to meet and talk about business. Developing business contacts on the internet is most of the time easier and faster than offline. Aims The aim of the study is explain the Importance of participating in internet groups and interactive with others and one-on-one from the individual self concept and social relationship. This research also tell how the knowledge is to be explored and social action is to be taken which shall be carried out in the field so this research aims at understanding transformation reconstructing and striving for an understanding of the whole. So approach which suites my question is qualitative research and the primary aim of this investigation is to study the people interaction on internet as we all know the now days people have been curious about how the powerful new information and communication media known as internet interaction is going on in the society. Objectives Promote your business using social networking sites. Effects of social networking websites on the young generation. Safety sites of young generation. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social networking sites. Literature review Internet is first and foremost communication technology with the potential to change people social interaction. Internet adoption in homes has grown rapidly since the early 1990s. For Example by 2003 63% of American had used the internet. In 1990s, Information technology experts expected the internet to be consigned to the trash heap of history. Internet has become an essential part of our lives; many websites have facility ways for people to keep in touch in the form of social networking. Social networking sites are the way for interact with new people and to make connections as well as share photos, videos, and activities with each other (Red Sox Nation, Northern California).. In the past 5 years, such sites have rocketed and millions of people use networking sites. According to Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden indicates that 55% of online teenagers have created a personal profile online, and 55% have used networking sites like MySpace and Face book. A social networking site includes both the exchange of information among individuals and group online. Expression also represents a view perspective, reflection, or quality of the individual or groups. Social networking is more focussed on individual relations and goals than is city and community involvement and networking with specific others whom one either knows initially or eventually comes to know. This interaction is likely to include families, friendship and romantic and group relationship. Video-sharing site is an also place where humans can make connection with one another. YouTube also allows a user to add another user as his or her friend. Expressions refer to the material that is created by individual or groups to reflect their views, interests or talents. Mainly internet based on social networking sites to build the personal and relationship and give the meaning to peoples lives. This sites help to people allow creating social relationship and it also used to find new friends in new locate. There are many ways the internet can be used for social relationship as follows are:- Online chatting Online dating Finding life partners Online friendship Many more Online chatting By using online chatting on internet many friends and relatives have come closer and to know very well to each other. Calling is very expensive and people cant afford to call. With the help of networking sites, people can connect to their relatives and get to talk each other very easily and they can see each other and chat through internet. Online dating Social networking websites are a great way of meeting people new people all over the world. Now days, people are meeting and dating on the internet. People can chat to somebody anytime, anyplace and anywhere. They are having huge relationship with others, so they will ask they will not go out with them because they are dating to someone. Finding Life partners Social sites focus on many different aspects of life, which makes it easier to find and make connections with other people who share common goals and interests, including love. By using traditional forms of marriage creation mainly of arranged marriages, internet has slowly being modified to the arrange marriage because it can serve the strength of tradition especially when modern condition of technologies seen to in decide tradition. Friendship Circle By using these sites instant messaging it allows cheap chatting between people and among group of friend or family. It also offers a good way of communicating with friends nearby or far away, without worrying about time or cost. This activity leads to vast expression of contact and interactivity many people enjoy ready for outcomes relationship. I just like keeping up to chat with somebody and it makes me feel very great to know somebody and to make new connection. So in this research the evidence strongly suggest that the internet has already been used to powerful enhance the social relationship. The importance is social and is creating both individual level and collective level social capital. Networking sites also used for developing business contacts and to make connections with them. Websites like LINKEDIN can be suitable place for professionals to meet and talk about business. Developing business on the internet is the most of the time easier and faster than offline. Social networking sites are also promoting a business to a wider audience and global marketing .Nowadays, the majority of business at least one kind of online presence. All the above reason involve that the easy and rewarding interaction with other people, as well as the personal or professional gain that people obtain from joining social networking sites. These sites succeed at making everyone part of global society. In our research, social networking sites can effects on the young generations. As a result, social networking websites have extensive attraction for youngsters with the number of users growing daily. In 2007, Pew Internet and American life Project report that 55% of online teens have a personal profile (facebook, twitter, orkut) on this kind of website. Today, youngsters attract these sites just because of this websites combine many features into one like personal profile, blogs, videos and photos sharing, and many more. Along with these benefits come some risks. As conclude that there are number of cases for harassment or sexual advances. Most of these sites are open to all, especially MySpace or face book which means that teenagers could be exposed our personal information and our identity to someone. Cyber-bulling and harassment are more often commit by other youngsters and mostly tend to happen most to older girls and either gender who have a strong online presence. There so many several forms like posting threatening messages, publishing private messages, e-mails or text messages, posting embarrassment photos and many more. Another risk is identifying theft, which means somebody can enter your personal profile they can know about everything like, your name, birthdates and your location. So today, its very rare for harassment to all over the world but it can still be a cause of emotional distress for youngsters. As a result, most social networking sites have privacy controls in place, but youngsters hardly ever use them. If you can do active monitoring of profiles and behaviours catches some hackers, but not all of them. Here some tips of safety sites for young generation as well as child also when they created our profile it make sure they understand not to post personal information like home address, birthdates, email address, mobile number etc because this information is private to them and not for sharing. And also explain that what gets put on the inte rnet can live forever its means if you remove your picture later it may have been copied by someone else and misuse of your picture also. The main safety tips are that you should use for password for your profile and make sure their password cannot be easily guessed. Survey results show that percentage for adults with profile on social networking sites September 2009 data. In this graph shows that adults in all age group favour for face book by a wide margin, with older adults preferring it slightly more. In 73% of all adults 18 and older have use face book as well as adults 30 and older has 75% and young adults 18-29 has 71% who use social networking sites have a face book account. C:UsersHarmeet SinghDesktopuntitled.png In contrast, 48% of all adult social network users have a MySpace account. Young generation is much more using MySpace with 66% but only 36% of the 30 and older bracket. In other rates for professional networking sites LinkedIn are the reverse of MySpace. 14% of all adults 18 social networking sites users have LinkedIn account, which breaks down to 7% of adult 18-29 and 19% of adults 30 and older. In conclude that the highest percentage of internet users have use face book in social networking sites the second sites used is MySpace and other LinkedIn sites. http://thepowerofinfluence.typepad.com/the_power_of_influence/2010/02/social-networking-rises-especially-among-younger-set.html Advantages of social networking sites The most common advantages of social networking sites, it is the good way for communicate with new people and to make connections as well as share photos, videos ,blogs, services and activities with each other. Its also build the personal relationship and give the meaning to peoples lives. Social networking sites are also promoting a business to a wider audience and global marketing. By joining different communities, now people can easily know about the latest news related to that community. And the best parts of this that advice is free u dont need to pay any euro. Experts and your friends always ready to give you advice and share information with you. Here some most common positive things that has to make social networking really popular among people and spread smiles. Disadvantages of social networking sites There are some major disadvantages of networking sites that Security is the topmost matter of social networking sites which we used more. There are some people who always search for fake identity, which means somebody can enter your personal profile they can know about everything like, your name, birth date, email address and your location. So today, its very rare for harassment to all over the world. It is always advisable to dont provide your entire identity information online otherwise it makes our life spoil. Methods of Research: Philosophy of research There are many different types of research philosophies used by researchers like positivism, realism, interpretive, objectivism, subjectivism, pragmatism, functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structuralism. There are two types of realism direct and critical and the meaning of direct is what you see is what you get. Critical realism is the real world images of things and theory suggests data which specify technique at back observables. It means before data collection selection the selection of theory is must and then collection of data according to requirement (Saunders et al, 2007). Types of Research There are two main type of research approaches qualitative and quantitative research. Quantitative research, by definition deals with quantity and relationships between attributes; it involves the collection and analysis of highly structured data in the positivist tradition (Bowling 1997) .This method of research is appropriate in situations in which there is pre-existing knowledge which will permit the use of standardized data collection methods like survey, questionnaires.(Bowling 1997). Qualitative is an empirical research in which data is in text form rather than in number form. Qualitative method as opposed to quantitative used to collect and analyze the information in as many shapes, mostly non numeric. Main focus of this technique is to explore as feasible in detail, idea is to attain deepness instead of breadth (Blaxter ET at, 2007). I will use qualitative method of research here. The strength of this approach is the capability to study people in the field. Qualitative research describes words rather than numbers, the equality of social phenomena through observation. I am using in depth interviews and questionnaire and discussion group at the same time for collecting my research data. Methodology The methodology shall be illustrative qualitative using a case study methodology. This method offers an opportunity to study a particular subject and this can be used to express theories. Case study is a strategy for doing research method which involves an empirical investigation of a specific occurrence within its real life context using multiple source of indication.

Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Justice System Essay -- Race Racial

Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Justice System Introduction In modern-day America the issue of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is controversial because there is substantial evidence confirming both individual and systemic biases. While there is reason to believe that there are discriminatory elements at every step of the judicial process, this treatment will investigate and attempt to elucidate such elements in two of the most critical judicial junctures, criminal apprehension and prosecution. Criminal Apprehension Statistical accounts show consistent accord in that African Americans are disproportionately arrested over whites. What is much less lucid, however, is the real reason for this disparity. Both criminologists and political scientists alike have expounded remarkably polarized explanations for this phenomenon. Exemplary of this are two arguments as developed as they are diametrically opposed, that of William Wilbanks and that of Samuel Walker, Cassia Spohn and Miriam DeLone. These authors’ arguments are both well-articulated and comprehensive, addressing virtually every pertinent concept in the issue of explaining racially disparate arrest rates. In The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System, Wilbanks insists that racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is a fabrication, explaining the over-representation of African Americans in arrest numbers simply through higher incidence of crime. Walker, Spohn and DeLone’s The Color of Justice dissents that not only are African Americans not anywhere near the disproportionate level of crime that police statistics would indicate, they are also arrested more because they are policed discriminately. Walker, Spohn and DeLone addi... ...ican Sociological Review 55(5): 609-627. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28199010%2955%3A5%3C609%3ACADOTL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4 Tappan, Paul W. 1947. â€Å"Who Is the Criminal?† American Sociological Review 12 (1): 96-102. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28194702%2912%3A1%3C96%3AWITC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z Turner, Billy. 1986. â€Å"Race and Peremptory Challenges During Voir Dire: Do Prosecution and Defense Agree?† Journal of Criminal Justice 14: 61-69. U.S. Department of Justice. 2002. â€Å"What is the Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System?† http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cjsflowco.pdf. Walker, Samuel, Cassia Spohn, and Miriam DeLone. 2000. The Color of Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Wilbanks, William. 1987. The Myth of the Racist Criminal Justice System. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Benziger Family Winery Essay

In the case of the Benziger Family Winery, is being faced with the decision of whether or not Chris Benziger should invest in an ISO 14000 certification. The answer is yes, he should pursue the certification in an attempt to strengthen his knowledge that his company already has about being environmentally friendly. This will strengthen his position on the market as a leader in wine industry. In pursuing the certification, he will also educate other growers on the importance of a strong environmental management system. This will make them want to take those same steps to help promote their business to be more like him. By getting the ISO this will further support his environmental policy that he strongly applies to the daily routines for helping the company conserve resources and prevent pollution. He is already certified by the Sonoma County Green Business Program (SCGBP) and is in full environmental compliance. As part of this compliance, the winery has saved over 2 million gallons of water per year through recycling all wastewater. They reduced solid wastes as well as energy cost due to the construction of a wine cave built in the hillside which maintained temperature cool enough to prevent them from using electricity to cool. The Gap Analysis is the formal study behind what the business is currently doing and where they want to be in the future. This means the need for continuous improvement is necessary in promoting the best possible outcomes for the company goals. The gap analysis identifies the gaps from what the company is doing now to what they would be doing should they utilize additional resources to help improve the company’s outputs. By documenting what they have done in the past, this will show what other requirements are necessary to be put in place in an attempt to maximize the company’s capabilities. This may involve benchmarking as well. In this case the winery currently has annual revenues of about 15 million. They are striving to launch a new brand, Tribute that would be selling in the $50-$60 range at about 4000 cases per year. They would also like their exports to increase from about 10% of sales to 20%. For Benziger, this analysis can be done at an operational level since all of his employees are well-trained on the company’s environmentally friendly efforts and are shared with guests of the winery to promote the business. This is an opportunity for Benziger to bring his reputation to a high point and work towards his goal for being a world-class leader in the wine industry. Since the U.S. market is very competitive this would make him stand out since very few U.S. wineries have their ISO 14000 certification. He could enter more markets that its consumers are sensitive to environmental products and continue expanding his business to other countries. It is stated that becoming certified with the ISO 14000 is expensive. This is an investment that will pay for itself in the future. There will be revenue increases by becoming more attractive to consumers who support the environmentally safe production process. The ISO 14000 is an attempt to develop a widely accepted, uniform approach to certify that Benziger’s EMS is the best way to run a business for long term savings and making a positive contribution to the environment. In exhibit 40.4 it shows the EMS Gap Analysis and explains what policies and procedures the Benziger may or may not have in place. It explains that he does have an environmental policy in place and that he has conducted an analysis of the impact that it has on the environment. When it comes to legal requirements, they do not have a procedure in place. This is the responsibility of the Ranch manager and it has not been done yet. He has covered all of his objectives and has established a well-written program to achieve those objectives. He has very good structured within the winery and has delegated responsibilities to each of the family members as well as their other employees. However no roles have been defined and documented yet. It is also noted that there is need for additional training on EMS aspects. The Ranch manager seems to need assistance with organization of training and documentation as well. Although they are on the right track he needs to ensure that they are taking all the necessary steps to continue the company professionally and in an organized fashion. Once the ranch manager has assigned specific roles and tasks to certain team members it will not be all on him to keep the EMS running properly it will become a part of the way they do business. The last part of the Exhibit 40.4 shows some things that they need to improve on. There is no documentation for anything the company does. He needs to be able to show records of his work to be environmentally sensitive. Several of the drafts have been started but none have been completed. It also states that there needs to be a regular review ensuring that the EMS is suitable and effective. Exhibit 40.5 is the Benziger Family Winery Environmental Policy. In comparison to Exhibit 40.4, the policy states the steps they are willing to take to make sure the winery is an environmentally safe and sustainable business. However, when each of the bullets are broken down into a series of questions as they are in Exhibit 40.4, they are not satisfying all of their own expectations. It seems as though they have a few small improvements to make that seem as though are they are not too time consuming. Once each of these steps has been achieved, they are well on their way to being more successful and more organized. If the proper steps are taken to correct the small issues on-hand, the next step for the Benziger Winery is to pursue the ISO 14000 certification. This will set the bar for how other wineries should be run and help the company become one of the top U.S. wine distributors.

Benefits of Effective Planning

Benefits of Effective Planning Free Online Research Papers Effective Planning Can Make a World of Change No matter where a person lives or where they travel to, there is bound to be some form of a shopping center nearby. The human race cannot seem to exist without shopping centers. In the essay â€Å"Shopping Towns USA† the authors Victor Gruen and Larry Smith inform the reader about the history of shopping centers and how they have evolved throughout history. They also introduce various reasons for the existence of shopping centers ranging from the obvious of people needing a place to purchase goods and services to the extreme of them just being there for cultural purposes. The authors believe that effective planning can make or break a shopping center and have a great effect on the town that surrounds it. They also make it clear that they feel that shopping centers also meet the needs of society. I for the most part agree with the author’s ideas. The authors start this essay by introducing the history of how shopping centers began. â€Å"Buying and selling is as old as mankind.†(273) They said. They bring up the fact that prehistoric people bartered for what they needed with what they had a surplus of. Such as trading excess meat or an animal for a necklace or item of similar value for what they needed. This bartering has evolved into the modern purchasing process where goods are gathered in a store and then paid for with coins or paper that has been given a value. The essay then progresses into where shopping centers began to originate. The shopping centers in medieval times were the center of the city. Not only in a geographic manner, but everything that happened in the city whether it be religious, commercial or cultural took place in the Market Square as it was called. Gruen and Smith also mention how the industrial revolution affected the evolution of shopping towns. The largest effect was the construction of factories that made cities a â€Å"crazy quilt of packed humanity†(274) and led to people moving away from the city into suburban areas. This movement created a greater need for private transportation and the increasing need for the automobile. The automobile ruined shopping towns that revolved around the railway station as the central point because people no longer were forced into that area, they were capable of going directly where they needed to go. The essay also incorporates how stores began building on the sides of roads and this lead to the parking problems created and also the solutions of parking areas behind the stores, as well as the construction of super highways and freeways to accommodate the ever-increasing flow of traffic. The essay concludes with the authors mentioning the various needs of society that are fulfilled by shopping centers. They meet the needs of people of all age groups, races, religions and social back grounds. When Gruen and Smith wrote this essay it appears to have been written to inform the reader of not only an overview of shopping centers and towns, but also a look at what they believe the centers and towns purposes are. Their main focus seems to be that shopping centers have a â€Å"need for farsighted, comprehensive planning†(277) and that shopping centers can fill a void in human life by â€Å"affording opportunities for social life and recreation in a protected pedestrian environment, by incorporating civic and educational facilities(277). The authors make it clear that they believe planning is the most effective part to the success of shopping centers. They also make it clear that they believe shopping centers are a vital part to society, not only for their goods. I too believe that shopping centers require much planning and work ahead of time for them to be successful. They are not something that can be made successful in a week or even just a month. If there is not enough planning there can be many consequences. When shopping centers first started one major problem was traffic and parking which is still a prevalent problem in present times. As Gruen and Smith point out â€Å"Business grew and so did automobile traffic. Consequently, serious traffic congestion appeared on the highways, so serious that drivers began to avoid them by using alternate routes.†(276). This traffic problem created a loss of sales and customers at shopping centers along highways because people would not want to deal with the traffic so they would take an alternate route and consequently shop somewhere else. If proper planning would have been administered and traffic considered the stores possibly could have been more successful. The authors use line in their e ssay that I found to be extremely strong and supportive of their view for planning. â€Å"Planning is needed not only to bring order, stability, and meaning to chaotic suburbia; it is necessary in order to establish a strong logical framework within which individual merchandising enterprises can flourish and provide crystallization points for suburbia’s community life.†(277). This quote really expresses how effective planing not only affects the shopping center as a whole but can also have a vital impact on the individual stores located within it. The authors also bring up the point of some business people saying that comprehensive planing is â€Å"regarded as an interference with individual initiative and free enterprise.†(277). I disagree with this because even if it did interfere, without the right planning these business would most likely not be successful and end up dead. The authors really focused on how they felt shopping centers can fill needs of society. When discussing certain shopping centers the authors say â€Å"In such centers, pedestrian areas are filed with teeming life not only during normal shopping hours, but on Sundays and holidays when people window-shop, promenade, relax in the garden courts, view exhibits and patronize the restaurants.†(277). I would strongly agree with that statement because there are many people that go to malls or shopping centers just to relax or get away from home. As far as holidays some people don’t have a place to go with family so the shopping centers provide a place for them to go and be with other people. No matter what happens, I believe shopping centers and malls will be around forever. With or without the necessary planning there will be shopping centers that fail and ones that prosper. This will give society the place it needs to fulfill its everyday needs, whether people realize its there for that reason and not just a place to purchase goods and services. I personally am a person that sees the mall as a place to just purchase things; I never really get a feeling of it fulfilling any other needs for me. I’m not a person that goes there to just hang out and never have been, but it may fulfill other peoples needs in society or maybe I just don’t realize it fulfilling my own. Gruen, Victor and Larry Smith. â€Å"Shopping Towns USA† Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum Brief Edition. Ed. Laurence Barons And Leonard Rosen. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 273-78. Research Papers on Benefits of Effective PlanningNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMind TravelAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Spring and AutumnBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Dodd Frank Wall Street Paper

Dodd Frank Wall Street Paper Dodd Frank Wall Street Paper The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act Implications for energy companies, utilities and other over-the-counter market participants 2 It was July 21, 2010 when President Barack Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Fueled by the backlash of the 2008 financial crisis, this legislation represents the most sweeping overhaul of U.S. financial regulation since the 1930s. Even though the Act centers on the financial services and capital markets industries, it includes provisions affecting all public and private companies. For companies engaged in commodities hedging or trading the most significant aspects of the Act are the rules regulating the overthe-counter (OTC) market. Commonly referred to as â€Å"derivative reform,† these rules are far-reaching and complex. As written, derivative reform addresses all types of swaps: equity, interest rate, foreign exchange, credit default and commodity. For energy companies trading OTC commodity swaps there are four major areas to evaluate for business impact: clearing, data and reporting, position limits and new business conduct rules. Since no current OTC market participant will be left untouched, it is still imperative to understand the full scope of these regulations (see caption below). While the specific rules of derivative reform have not yet been fully promulgated, and much is uncertain about the details of complying with Dodd-Frank, enough is known to assess the impact this legislation will have on companies which enter into OTC contracts today in the energy sector. Non-financial industries which participate in the OTC derivative markets include: Energy Companies - Supermajors - Independent Oil & Gas - Refining & Marketing Electric and Natural Gas Utilities Chemical Mining and Mineral Airlines Agribusiness Consumer Products What is a swap dealer and a major swap participant? The Dodd-Frank Act defines a swap dealer as any person who: Tends to accommodate demand for swaps from other parties; A major swap participant satisfies any one of the following criteria: Holds itself out as a dealer in swaps; Is generally available to enter into swaps to facilitate other parties’ interest in entering into swaps; Maintains a â€Å"substantial position†; Makes a market in swaps; Regularly enters into swaps with counterparties in the ordinary course of business for its own account, or engages in activity causing itself to be commonly known in the trade as a dealer or market maker in swaps. With these characteristics: Tends to enter into swaps on their own standard terms or on terms they arrange in response to other parties’ interest; and Tends to arrange customized terms for swaps upon request, or to create new types of swaps at their own initiative. Holds outstanding swaps which create â€Å"substantial counterparty exposure†; or Is a highly leveraged financial entity that maintains a â€Å"substantial position". End-users enter into swaps to hedge or mitigate commercial risk. 3 Many moving parts Figure 1. Timeline for Derivative Reform Implementation The original timeline for Derivative Reform is aggressive. Market participants are arguing for a phased approach to allow for an orderly, efficient and inclusive transition to the new market. July 2010 December 2010 July 2011 December 2011 December 2012 July 2013 CFTC and SEC issue final regulation on Derivative Reform EFFECTIVE DATE - TBD Bill becomes effective Registration of SDs and MSPs Interim system until â€Å"technologically feasible† Real-Time Reporting of all Swaps Clearing/Exchange Trading - Post-Enactment Swaps OTC derivatives cleared on exchanges Clearing/Exchange Trading - Pre-Enactment Swaps Proprietary Trading Study - Volcker Rule Study Complete Swaps Push Out Rule Trading ceases Transition

The Meeting Technologies In the Copenhagen Accord Essay

The Meeting Technologies In the Copenhagen Accord - Essay Example The primary objective of the accord is to minimize greenhouse gas emitted by human activities that is already affecting climate change. While no specific action plans were agreed to in that session, it has set the stage for a series of conferences and treaties to implement its primary objective. The most recent of conferences related to this global initiative was held last December 2009 at Copenhagen, Denmark (United Nations). It was attended by 15,000 delegates from government and non-government institutions of various countries. Assembling such a huge number of participants to meet and exchange opinions entail technology that will facilitate such meeting into a successful agreement. While there are already 15,000 delegates on site to attend the conference, some countries need more participation. Individuals are able to participate in the conference without travelling to the site by viewing a webcast. A webcast is broadcasting over the internet. It is a medium of distributing a media file, say a digitally recorded video of the proceedings of a conference or the actual live video of the conference, over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers (Webcast). A webcast is such a powerful tool to use to capture a wider audience at virtually anywhere in the globe where the Internet is accessible. Having access to the conference from the home country will help delegates even be effective contributors to the conference by getting essential feedback from their country almost instantaneously while the conference is going on. And how do delegates attending the live conference obtain such feedback from their host countries, which could be thousands of miles from where they are sitting That is the power of the Internet. Today, having connectivity to the Internet is as essential as having a pen and paper in attending a meeting. Of course connectivity is only a piece of the set-up: a personal computer and software is required to effectively be connected. When connected to the Internet, the delegate has access to a wide variety of information: both public and private to the conference. Conference-exclusive information may include documents that are being shared and discussed in the conference will not need to be printed out, instead is shared over the Internet for exclusive viewing of the delegates. The delegates may have access to a chat tool where one can privately contact a co-delegate via short messages while the meeting is going-on (like small chats, but not voicing out but writing) or chat with a small g roup, say delegates from the same region or continent who most-likely share the same concerns. Public information is accessible through search engines that help find articles in the public Internet related to any topic being searched (Search Engine). Lastly, there is the e-mail, short for electronic mail, which instantaneously sends a message to anywhere in the world to elicit an immediate reply into one's message (E-mail). Such electronic connectivity save money in printing and communication costs vs. traditional means. Conclusion With the use of these vital technologies in such a global

Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand Essay

Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand - Essay Example The paper "Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand" discovers the supply base of the Stella McCartney brand. Chung et al (2001) and Malhotra (1986) explain that brand personality can also be helpful in creating customer loyalty in the saturated domestic market, and this has been true of Stella McCartney. This is achieved through interaction with positive associations with the personalities of the consumers. Abedania (2010) states that this interaction helps a company to gain deeper understanding of the perception of consumers towards the brand. Stella McCartney has been able to tap into the value of its organized value chains to increase its profit margins, and reduce its expenses like transportation. A retail structure should enable a company to reach more target customers with the product and give an insight to their perceptions. An analysis of the company’s retail organizational structure indicates that it serves the needs of the organization. The company o perates 17 freestanding McCartney stores situated in Milan, New York, Los Angeles and London’s Mayfair, Manhattan’s Soho, Paris’ Palais Royal, LA’s West Hollywood, Rome and Miami. Currently, her collections are distributed in more than 50 countries through a network of 600 wholesale accounts including department stores and specialty shops. There is also an online shop for customers to purchase products online. This retail structure does not allow the company to have a total control on the delivery of its products. An overview of the supply base of the Stella McCartney brand From the above discussion, it is clear that Stella McCartney has an extensive supply chain. This supply chain serves the needs of the proposed diffusion brand and its proposed buying strategy in various ways. First, the extensive supply chain ensures that high-end designs more and easily accessible to the public. The customers are to be allowed to access lowly-priced but specially desi gned products for a limited time. Information from IBISWorld (2012) revels that offering products that are moderately priced than the original line will ensure that the devised buying strategy captures customers from less wealthy and younger demographics. This is a group of budget-conscious buyers and thus this strategy is important in ensure that customer demand is sustained all through the business periods, especially when the value of once-elite brands fades and they no longer sell as they used to. There is room for improvements that will help in ensuring that the existing supply chain serves the needs, and buying strategy of the proposed diffusion brand to a better level. One of the recommendations is to enter into lower-priced designer collaborations with many fast selling fashion retailers. Although the products will be offered at different price ranges, this step will result to increased sales and thus a general increase in revenue. The company is able to interact and communi cate with customers through various ways through its supply chain. For for example, it uses brochures and direct customer service which ensures that the needs of the customers are always taken into accountability when coming up with new designs. Global distribution strategy for taking the product forward to both the B2B and B2C consumer The company’s distribution strategy for taking the product forward to both the B2B and B2C should be formulated from a multichannel perspective.

Jesus Leadership Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jesus Leadership Principles - Essay Example In the gospel books of the bible, one finds the fundamental teachings and leadership principles that Jesus promoted. According to Maxwell and Blackaby, the principles of leadership outlined and applied by Jesus can transform the kind of leadership in the globe today. Maxwell has identified ten of these leadership principles. This paper will discuss the relevance of these principles to secular leadership. According to Matthew chapter 20 verses twenty five to twenty eight, Jesus designed an intriguing model that implied a critical principle in leadership. The act of washing the feet of his disciples implied that servant-hood is a defining aspect of leadership. The account reveals that Jesus washed the feet of all disciples including his betrayer Judas Iscariot. Although he held the position of master, with the disciples working under his instruction, he chose to assume the level of servant. Leaders in the globe today can benefit from this principle by realizing that they have the duty to serve the people they lead. This principle can transform global leadership immensely if the leaders realized the crucial servitude role that they have to play. According to Luke chapter seven verse twenty two and John fourteen verses eleven, it becomes evident that Jesus urged his disciples to live according to the standards they preached even before expecting others to adopt them.... to guide their daily activities, it would prove easier for a leader’s followers to demonstrate a commitment to the organizational goals, because the leaders exhibit exemplary commitment (Maxwell, & Elmore, 2007). Matthew chapter six verse thirty three highlights an additional principle that Jesus advised his followers to consider. Setting priorities is a critical aspect for a nay leader, especially with the current dynamism that presents leaders with overwhelming responsibilities. The emphasis that Jesus gave in the verse mentioned highlights the importance of putting each activity in its right place, and avoiding distraction. The benefits of setting priorities may have received too much emphasis, but the emphasis only indicates the centrality of the matter to effective leadership. Global leaders have realized the significance of this aspect, and global leadership forums seek to empower leaders to exhibit the capacity of setting priorities. Jesus Christ made it clear that impa cts in leadership were the results of relationships and not positions. Since Jesus realized the significance of establishing relationships with people, he made efforts of reaching out to them. He took the initiative of going to all the places where he could find peoples. John chapter five verses five to thirty illustrate his encounter with the Samaritan woman after his ministry. Moreover, chapter eight and verses one to eleven of the same book indicate that he went to the synagogue. Apparently, Jesus sought people, and showed great interest in them. Demonstrating personal interest in people moved them to listen to his message. It is unfortunate that some leaders today have no impact on the people because the leaders have focussed on their positions instead of exhibiting interest in the people

How American Sugar Buys Protection Essay Example for Free

How American Sugar Buys Protection Essay 1. The US General Accounting Office (2002) estimates that the sugar program cost domestic sweetener users about $1. 5 billion in 1996 and about $1. 9 billion in 1998. Can you validate this statement by using Probit and Tobit analysis. 2. What diagnostics are generally (multicollinearity and normality? ) run on Tobit and Probit? Do the diagnostics method differ for binomial and multinomial (say trinomial) probit? 3. â€Å"Sugar takes into account the potential influence ( power) of a party in allocating its contributions†- Explain the statement. Also give examples to prove your explanation. 4. There exists a relationship between campaign contributions and the state a Senator represents—Explain this statement and use Probit and Tobit analysis to prove your answer. Reference: US General Accounting Office (2002). Sugar Program: Supporting Sugar Prices Has Increased Users’ Costs While Benefiting Producers, GAO/RCED-00-126. http://faculty. washington. edu/belas/543/GAOSugar. pdf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/12_december/08/todd_making.shtml

2012 London Olympic Games Construction Essay

2012 London Olympic Games Construction Essay My report is based on the 2012 Olympic Games project in London, the selected contractor submitted detailed documentation and project details which were evaluated reviewed by the clients. All the documents deal with all type of administrative procedure, procurement strategy among others. The report also explained all items involved in the construction industry coming from the project history, the pre-construction and post-construction stage. This report will benefit the client as to the successful completion of the project due to organize administrative procedure of procurement strategy. 1.2 Project Brief or History The London 2012 Olympic Games, the Project Brief was a high level document that outlined the objectives and operational requirements for each project. As the project progressed through the different Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) stages of the design process, the brief was developed to form Initial Brief Design brief Project Brief The initial brief was used to set out the initial ODA requirements of the project and informed the development of the design through RIBA design stages A/B. It captured the data from the Project Initial Document and the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) Venue Requirements and described what the Design team was required. The design brief defined what will be the next phase of the project that should be delivered and informed the RIBA Stages C/D. It focused on the technical requirements and the measurable criteria defined during Design development. The Project Brief The London 2012 Olympic Games projects are including 1 to 10 Milestone base as below Milestone -01, Construction of the Olympic Stadium Milestone -02, Construction of the Aquatics Centre Milestone -03, Construction of the Velodrome Milestone -04, Construction of the International Broadcast Centre/Main Press Centre(IBC/MPC) Milestone -05, Construction of the Handball and Basketball Arenas Milestone -06, Construction of the Lee Valley White Water Centre Milestone -07, Construction work on Eton Manor and the Royal Artillery Barracks Milestone -08, The External Structure of the Olympic Village Milestone -09, Construction of all Permanent Bridges Milestone -10, Construction work at Stratford Station Including the project photo Appendix -B Under the Project Brief, the following are included: Project Name- 2012 London Olympic games Project Value-  £9,298m-the Public Sector Funding Package Contract Period Construction took four years from 2007 to 2011. Project Procurement Method- design and build Awarded Main Contractor Name- Sir Robert McAlpine Barr Construction Carillion ISG Balfour Beatty Consultant Name : Architect Populous Wilkinson Eyre Architects KSS Design Group Hopkins Architects, Grant Associates Zaha Hadid Architects Structural and services engineers, Planning Buro Happold Expedition Engineering Hyland Edgar Driver Ove Arup Partners, BDSP SKM Savilles Hepher Dixon Project client IOC, LOCOG, ODA, Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, 02. Chapter 2.1. Identified Various People / Organisations London 2012 Olympic Games Organizations involved in key Project Stakeholders Olympic Delivery Authority : (OAD) The London Organizing Committee of the Olympics Games: (LOCOG) The Greater London Authority (GLA) British Olympic Association (BOA) The Government (MPA, 2006). And also in additional The Mayor of London Olympic Park Legacy Company London Development Agency (LDA) British Paralympic Association (BPA) The Olympic Board (OB) International Olympic Committee (IOC) International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Their main functions are to collectively advice and provide assurance to the board (MPA, 2006). These stakeholders have different perceptions as to what constitute success. While they all have different responsibilities towards the success of the game, their individual objectives has to be met. It is worth noting that their varying objectives were well reconciled as per the game. Shared understanding was created among them and reconciliation of objectives was easy because one of the predominant overarching aims of both the UK government and IOC for the games is sustainability among the Consultant, the main Contractor, the Sub-Contractor and the Supplier. The more details including the Appendix-A 2.2. Financing Structure/Final Cost The financing structures are two distinct aspects of the London 2012 Olympic Games, the preparation for the games by the ODA and LOCOG operational budget running the games. The Secretary of state for culture, media and sport announced, in an oral Statement to the house, that the budget for the preparation of the 2012 London Olympics had increased from an initial estimate budget of  £ 2.375 billion, at the time of the bid the estimated cost of the Games was  £4 billion:  £3 billion for the Olympic Park and an element for elite and community sport; and  £1 billion as part of the wider Lower Lea Valley regeneration (excluding tax and wider security costs). Following a review by the Government a revised funding cost was announced in March 2007 of  £9.325billion, as details below Table-01. The Budget as Announced for the Games on 15 March 2007 Item Description Amount Million ( £) 1 Core Olympic Costs -Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA) 3,081.00 2 Infrastructure and regeneration costs associated with the Olympic park and other venues 1,673.00 3 Contingency (Excluding Tax) 500.00 4 Total ( Net of Tax )(1+2+3) 5,254.00 5 Other (Non ODA),Olympic Cost 388.00 Other Provisions Policing and Wider Security 600.00 Tax (on ODA Costs) 836.00 General programme Contingency (including tax) 2,247.00 6 Total Provisions 3,683.00 Grand Total (4+5+6) 9,325.00 Overall Revised Budget 9,325.00 Table -01 The 2012 Olympic Games over-all budget (9.325 Billion ( £) were distributed to all stockholders and summarized as follows on Table-02. Public Funding Available Item Description Amount Billion ( £) 1 Exchequer 5.975 2 National Lottery 2.175 3 Greater London Authority 0.925 4 London Development Agency 0.250 Total Cost(1+2+3+4) 9.325 Table -02 However, on 24 March 2010, the Awarded budget was reduced to  £ 27m and breakdown as follows Table 03: Item Description Amount Million ( £) 1 Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA) ODA Base Cost Including VAT 6,100.00 Programme Contingency 968.00 Funders Contingency 1,004.00 Total Available to ODA 8,072.00 2 Non-Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA) Elite and Community Sports 290.00 Paralympic Games 66.00 Look of London 32.00 Security 600.00 Security Contingency 238.00 Total Non ODA 1,226.00 3 Total Public Sector Funding Package (1+2) 9,298.00 Overall Original Budget 9,298.00 Table -03 The 2012 Olympic Games over-all Revised budget (9.298 Billion ( £) were distributed to all stockholders and summarized as follows on Table-04. Sources of Funding Item Description Amount Billion ( £) 1 National Lottery 2.175 2 London (GLA and LDA) 0.875 3 Central Government 6.248 Total Cost(1+2+3) 9.298 Table -04 Unveiling the governments final quarterly budget update, the sports minister, Hugh Robertson, said that at a conservative estimate the final cost of the Games would be  £8.921billion against an overall original budget of  £9.298billion 2.3. Project Procurement Structure/Methodology The specific new construction of Olympic stadium, the project leadership has been established, and then the procurement method will be accepted. The project was procured on a design and build basis. A method where the contractor is responsible for undertaking both the design and the construction of the work in return for a lump sum price. There are variants on this option depending on the degree to which initial design is included in the clients requirements. Appointment of a contractor is often by two stages tendering, thus keeping a competitive element, but not expecting every tenderer to produce full proposals. The clients requirements can range from a simple accommodation schedule to a fully worked out scheme design, but generally should be matched by the contractors proposal For design and build procurement there are three main types of contract: Package Deal or Turnkey Contract Design and Build Contracts Contractors Design Obligations Contractors Design for Specific Elements Only The project procurement plan includes the following: Sourcing materials with low embodied carbon Minimizing waste at source, promoting use of secondary materials Policies on eco Ecologically sensitive materials: e.g Timber and Food Ethical procurement and fair employment Sourcing healthy materials and ensuring health and safety on site (ODA, 2009:1) The procurement plan is being implemented by a rigorous procurement process. All partners and collaborators will have to meet individual and overall criteria in order to contribute to the successful outcome of the plan. This will have to be made visible through product and service supply, engagement in relevant projects, promotion of behavioral change, consumers, employees and supply chains (ODA, 2009). 2.4. Main Forms of Construction Contract/Tender Document The New Engineering Contract (NEC) was used to facilitate all the necessary documents during the bidding and awarding stage. Both parties, the Client and the Contractor, agreed and closed the project based on the NEC contract. The NEC3 suite of contracts was selected because it provided the following key attributes in response to ODA, s Requirements. A flexible approach, providing a range of contract solutions relative to the level of design information available and procurement option being considered. The pro-active management of risk as an inherent and fundamental element of the entire contract forms. A collaborative approach supporting timely delivery, which is fundamental to ODA. Full visibility of cost (Except under option a contracts), supporting effective programme budget management. ODA has number of obligations under the London Olympic Games Act 2006, particularly around risk, brand protection and stakeholder rights, which necessitated changes to the standard NEC3 Contract Forms. These changes included, Additional collateral warranties for key interested parties Restrictions in change of ownership of tier 1 contractors Enhanced conflict of interest provisions Items NEC3 Contract and Option Usage Rationale 1 Engineering and Construction Contract Option- C (Target contract with activity schedule) Major and complex venues and infrastructure Target price was best fit to developing specification 2 Engineering and Construction Contract Option- A ( Priced contract with activity schedule) Other venues Designs were firm allowing cost certainty 3 Term Service Contrcat Option -A ( Priced contract with activity schedule) Logistics and security contracts Pricing schedules accommodated required flexibility in both volume of services required and scale ( through enhanced services schedules) The New Engineering Contract 2005 version 3 Engineering and Construction Contract recommends that the various methods of specifying the works should be adopted Option A C Activity Schedule Option B D Bill of Quantities Option E F A traditional Specifications or drawing The Olympic Delivery Authority used procurement through e-procurement system and methodology, particularly an evaluation system to enable delivery of its policy objectives and ambitions as follows: Sustainability and Legacy Design and Accessibility Equality and Inclusion Employment and Skills Health, Safety and Security Delivery of London Olympic Stadium in Time, Cost and Quality Tender documentations are: Activity schedule Method statement Working drawing BOQ Quantified Specification Work Schedules ( the word Item denotes pricing) Specification + Contract Sum Analysis or Schedule of Rates 03. Chapter 3.1. Construction Technology Challenges The London 2012 Olympic Games project was constructed with many construction challenges and new construction technologies. Some of which are as follows : Low-carbon concrete with 40 percent less embodied carbon was used for concreting structures. Surplus gas pipes were used to build the top ring of the Stadium. Recycled containers were used as toilet facilities. Demolished existing structures were placed on top of the ground that served as a solid base for the construction. To reduce the loads on the project, 75 percent lightweight steel materials were utilized in the construction. As part of the landscaping works. 500,000 plants were planted in the Olympic Parks wetland areas Due to new technologies that were adopted, only 10,000 tons of steel were used. Tensile roofings were used as to cover the ground bowl-like stadium. The project settled at 2,821 feet perimeter land and stands at 197 feet high. The Delivery Partner was comprised of three construction industry leaders, who were responsible for the construction of all new venues and infrastructure needed for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic Park will house nine state-of-the-art venues including the Olympic stadium, velodrome and aquatics center. New Technology was used to fast track the project and attained the completion date of the Project. As the time is the essence, the constructions were done on a 24 hour basis as the design required new methodology to meet the criteria of the Project Specifications Methodological challenges that are anticipated include: Achieving adequate coverage of project-level evaluations, within the bounds of practicality, across legacy and sub-legacy themes, geography, demographics, project size/type etc; The complexity of the task and the interdependencies that exist between outcomes and impacts of different projects and programmes; The aggregation and synthesis of different measures and indicators, which may also be of varying quality; Assessing the impact and additionality of interventions in a consistent fashion; Ensuring value for money and benefits are being measured or estimated using credible evidence; Measuring intangible impacts using experimental measures such as subjective well-being and through custom techniques such as media content analysis; Measuring wider strategic impacts and added value generated through coordination of the organisations involved in planning and delivering legacy 3.2. Health and Safety Records/Achievement The HSE has published the first in a series of research reports on the London 2012 Olympics as part of a concerted effort to circulate the health and safety lessons learned from the Stratford project among the wider construction industry. There are so many magnificent aspects of London 2012 when it comes to Safety issues and this was achieved through the excellent safety record, especially during the construction phase. The park was built with zero construction fatalities. It shows the approaches to gain a good occupational Safety and Health. Some of the achievements are as follows: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) honored the Olympic Delivery Authority in a ceremony. More than 12,500 workers helped construct the venues and the Big Build of the site was hailed as the safest construction of an Olympic Stadium. The Executive started working with the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) soon after London was awarded the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games and set out clear targets of what standards were expected, encouraging strong leadership and sharing of good practice. Up to this month, the HSE has received reports of only 114 injuries and eight dangerous occurrences that occurred during the projects 66 million hours of work. And also the ODAs commitment to health and safety has been recognised by the British Safety Council (BSC) with its 5-star award, following an independent, rigorous audit of the ODAs health and safety management system and processes, in which the ODA received a score of 98 per cent. The ODA was also awarded the Sword of Honour, one of the most prestigious international health and safety accolades that an organization can receive, which is designed to encourage and reward organizations that work to best practice. All applicants must have already received 5 stars from the BSC 04. Chapter 4.1. Conclusion Based on the above submission, it can be concluded that the Construction of the facilities needed for the 2012 London Olympic Games were successfully done and completed to the satisfaction of the Client. This achievement was due to the following: Thorough evaluation of the Project Requirements as reviewed and evaluated by the Client. An organized procurement strategy within the UK and International market environments. Teamwork and coordination among the stakeholders Utilizing the familiar form of contract in UK Proper implementation of all construction methodology accepted in the construction industry. Proper planning and implementation to meet the required completion date. Utilizing new construction technologies and materials. Likewise, a complete record for health and safety were properly organized. A strict implementation of a Safety Plan were followed resulting to no fatalities or major injuries recorded. With respect to the financial aspect of the project, variation orders and cost were not clearly indicated as this will have a big impact on the total and final cost of the project involved. Nevertheless, the over-all aspect of the report can be recommended as it clearly shows that all necessary strategies and construction methodology will have a successful outcome as expected by the client specifically the completion of the project as per the time schedule, work quality and project cost. 05. Chapter 5.1. Bibliography Olayide Mutiu Adedeji, Senior Quantity Surveyor, February 20,2013 Company : CEG International Contact : Tel- +974-44551188 Fax +974-44551144 E-Mail: [emailprotected] Web: www.ceg-qatar.com Post: P.O. Box -3973, Doha Qatar Mohamed Azhar, Senior Quantity Surveyor, February 22,2013 Company : CEG International Contact : Tel +974-44551188 Fax +974-44551144 E-Mail: [emailprotected] Web: www.ceg-qatar.com Post: P.O. Box -3973, Doha Qatar Elajun E. Custodio, Civil Engineer, March 20,2013 Company : CEG International Contact : Tel- +974-44551188 Fax +974-44551144 E-Mail: [emailprotected] Web: www.ceg-qatar.com Post: P.O. Box -3973, Doha Qatar Mahmud Anees Senior Quantity Surveyor, March 15,2013 Company : KESO Contact : E-Mail: anees @yahoo.com Web: www.ceg-qatar.com Post: P.O. Box -3973, Doha Qatar